# Copyright (C) 2008, 2009 Michael Trier (mtrier@gmail.com) and contributors

#

# This module is part of GitPython and is released under the

# 3-Clause BSD License: https://opensource.org/license/bsd-3-clause/

from __future__ import annotations

__all__ = ["Git"]

import contextlib

import io

import itertools

import logging

import os

import re

import shutil

import signal

import subprocess

import sys

import threading

import time

from subprocess import DEVNULL, PIPE, Popen

from textwrap import dedent

# typing ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

from typing import (

IO,

TYPE_CHECKING,

Any,

AnyStr,

BinaryIO,

Callable,

Dict,

Iterator,

List,

Mapping,

Optional,

Sequence,

TextIO,

Tuple,

Union,

cast,

overload,

)

from git.compat import defenc, safe_decode, safe_encode

from git import _backend

from git.exc import (

CommandError,

GitCommandError,

GitCommandNotFound,

UnsafeOptionError,

UnsafeProtocolError,

UnsupportedOperation,

)

from git.util import (

cygpath,

expand_path,

is_cygwin_git,

patch_env,

remove_password_if_present,

stream_copy,

)

if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):

from typing import TypeAlias

else:

from typing_extensions import TypeAlias

from git.types import TBD, Literal, PathLike

if TYPE_CHECKING:

from git.diff import DiffIndex

from git.repo.base import Repo

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

execute_kwargs = {

"istream",

"with_extended_output",

"with_exceptions",

"as_process",

"output_stream",

"stdout_as_string",

"kill_after_timeout",

"with_stdout",

"universal_newlines",

"shell",

"env",

"max_chunk_size",

"strip_newline_in_stdout",

}

_logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# ==============================================================================

## @name Utilities

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Documentation

## @{

def _kill_process(pid: int) -> bool:

"""Kill a POSIX process and its descendants, returning whether it was killed."""

# Collect descendants before signalling, while their parent PIDs still identify them.

pids = [pid]

for parent_pid in pids:

try:

try:

p = Popen(["pgrep", "-P", str(parent_pid)], stdout=PIPE)

except FileNotFoundError:

# POSIX ps does not support selecting by parent PID.

ps_args = ["ps", "-ef"] if sys.platform == "cygwin" else ["ps", "-A", "-o", "pid=", "-o", "ppid="]

with Popen(ps_args, stdout=PIPE) as p:

if p.stdout is not None:

for line in p.stdout:

fields = line.split()

if sys.platform == "cygwin":

fields = fields[1:3] # ps -ef starts with UID, PID, PPID.

if len(fields) == 2 and all(field.isdigit() for field in fields):

if int(fields[1]) == parent_pid:

pids.append(int(fields[0]))

else:

with p:

if p.stdout is not None:

for line in p.stdout:

if line.strip().isdigit():

pids.append(int(line))

except OSError as ex:

_logger.info("Unable to enumerate child processes: %r", ex)

killed = False

if sys.platform != "win32":

for process_pid in pids:

try:

os.kill(process_pid, signal.SIGKILL)

killed = killed or process_pid == pid

except OSError:

pass

return killed

def handle_process_output(

process: Union["Git.AutoInterrupt", Popen],

stdout_handler: Union[

None,

Callable[[AnyStr], None],

Callable[[List[AnyStr]], None],

Callable[[bytes, "Repo", "DiffIndex"], None],

],

stderr_handler: Union[None, Callable[[AnyStr], None], Callable[[List[AnyStr]], None]],

finalizer: Union[None, Callable[[Union[Popen, "Git.AutoInterrupt"]], None]] = None,

decode_streams: bool = True,

kill_after_timeout: Union[None, float] = None,

) -> None:

R"""Register for notifications to learn that process output is ready to read, and

dispatch lines to the respective line handlers.

This function returns once the finalizer returns.

:param process:

:class:`subprocess.Popen` instance.

:param stdout_handler:

f(stdout_line_string), or ``None``.

:param stderr_handler:

f(stderr_line_string), or ``None``.

:param finalizer:

f(proc) - wait for proc to finish.

:param decode_streams:

Assume stdout/stderr streams are binary and decode them before pushing their

contents to handlers.

This defaults to ``True``. Set it to ``False`` if:

- ``universal_newlines == True``, as then streams are in text mode, or

- decoding must happen later, such as for :class:`~git.diff.Diff`\s.

:param kill_after_timeout:

:class:`float` or ``None``, Default = ``None``

To specify a timeout in seconds for the git command, after which the process

should be killed.

"""

# Use 2 "pump" threads and wait for both to finish.

def pump_stream(

cmdline: List[str],

name: str,

stream: Union[BinaryIO, TextIO],

is_decode: bool,

handler: Union[None, Callable[[Union[bytes, str]], None]],

) -> None:

try:

for line in stream:

if handler:

if is_decode:

assert isinstance(line, bytes)

line_str = safe_decode(line)

handler(line_str)

else:

handler(line)

except Exception as ex:

_logger.error(f"Pumping {name!r} of cmd({remove_password_if_present(cmdline)}) failed due to: {ex!r}")

if not (isinstance(ex, ValueError) and stream.closed):

# Only reraise if the error was not due to the stream closing.

raise CommandError([f"<{name}-pump>"] + remove_password_if_present(cmdline), ex) from ex

finally:

stream.close()

if hasattr(process, "proc"):

process = cast("Git.AutoInterrupt", process)

cmdline: str | Tuple[str, ...] | List[str] = getattr(process.proc, "args", "")

p_stdout = process.proc.stdout if process.proc else None

p_stderr = process.proc.stderr if process.proc else None

else:

process = cast(Popen, process) # type: ignore[redundant-cast]

cmdline = getattr(process, "args", "")

p_stdout = process.stdout

p_stderr = process.stderr

if not isinstance(cmdline, (tuple, list)):

cmdline = cmdline.split()

pumps: List[Tuple[str, IO, Callable[..., None] | None]] = []

if p_stdout:

pumps.append(("stdout", p_stdout, stdout_handler))

if p_stderr:

pumps.append(("stderr", p_stderr, stderr_handler))

threads: List[threading.Thread] = []

for name, stream, handler in pumps:

t = threading.Thread(target=pump_stream, args=(cmdline, name, stream, decode_streams, handler))

t.daemon = True

t.start()

threads.append(t)

# Wait for output handlers to finish before finalizing.

# If the child needs stdin, the caller must arrange to feed/close it

# before this call or concurrently; this function only drains output.

deadline = None if kill_after_timeout is None else time.monotonic() + kill_after_timeout

for t in threads:

t.join(timeout=None if deadline is None else max(0, deadline - time.monotonic()))

if t.is_alive():

if isinstance(process, Git.AutoInterrupt):

if sys.platform != "win32" and process.proc is not None and process.proc.poll() is None:

_kill_process(process.proc.pid)

process._terminate()

else: # Don't want to deal with the other case.

raise RuntimeError(

"Thread join() timed out in cmd.handle_process_output()."

f" kill_after_timeout={kill_after_timeout} seconds"

)

process._timeout_error = (

f"error: process killed because it timed out. kill_after_timeout={kill_after_timeout} seconds"

)

break

if finalizer:

finalizer(process)

safer_popen: Callable[..., Popen]

if sys.platform == "win32":

def _safer_popen_windows(

command: Union[str, Sequence[Any]],

*,

shell: bool = False,

env: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None,

**kwargs: Any,

) -> Popen:

"""Call :class:`subprocess.Popen` on Windows but don't include a CWD in the

search.

This avoids an untrusted search path condition where a file like ``git.exe`` in

a malicious repository would be run when GitPython operates on the repository.

The process using GitPython may have an untrusted repository's working tree as

its current working directory. Some operations may temporarily change to that

directory before running a subprocess. In addition, while by default GitPython

does not run external commands with a shell, it can be made to do so, in which

case the CWD of the subprocess, which GitPython usually sets to a repository

working tree, can itself be searched automatically by the shell. This wrapper

covers all those cases.

:note:

This currently works by setting the

:envvar:`NoDefaultCurrentDirectoryInExePath` environment variable during

subprocess creation. It also takes care of passing Windows-specific process

creation flags, but that is unrelated to path search.

:note:

The current implementation contains a race condition on :attr:`os.environ`.

GitPython isn't thread-safe, but a program using it on one thread should

ideally be able to mutate :attr:`os.environ` on another, without

unpredictable results. See comments in:

https://github.com/gitpython-developers/GitPython/pull/1650

"""

# CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP is needed for some ways of killing it afterwards.

# https://docs.python.org/3/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.Popen.send_signal

# https://docs.python.org/3/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP

creationflags = subprocess.CREATE_NO_WINDOW | subprocess.CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP

# When using a shell, the shell is the direct subprocess, so the variable must

# be set in its environment, to affect its search behavior.

if shell:

# The original may be immutable, or the caller may reuse it. Mutate a copy.

env = {} if env is None else dict(env)

env["NoDefaultCurrentDirectoryInExePath"] = "1" # The "1" can be any value.

# When not using a shell, the current process does the search in a

# CreateProcessW API call, so the variable must be set in our environment. With

# a shell, that's unnecessary if https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/101283

# is patched. In Python versions where it is unpatched, in the rare case the

# ComSpec environment variable is unset, the search for the shell itself is

# unsafe. Setting NoDefaultCurrentDirectoryInExePath in all cases, as done here,

# is simpler and protects against that. (As above, the "1" can be any value.)

with patch_env("NoDefaultCurrentDirectoryInExePath", "1"):

return Popen(

command,

shell=shell,

env=env,

creationflags=creationflags,

**kwargs,

)

safer_popen = _safer_popen_windows

else:

safer_popen = Popen

def dashify(string: str) -> str:

return string.replace("_", "-")

def slots_to_dict(self: "Git", exclude: Sequence[str] = ()) -> Dict[str, Any]:

return {s: getattr(self, s) for s in self.__slots__ if s not in exclude}

def dict_to_slots_and__excluded_are_none(self: object, d: Mapping[str, Any], excluded: Sequence[str] = ()) -> None:

for k, v in d.items():

setattr(self, k, v)

for k in excluded:

setattr(self, k, None)

## -- End Utilities -- @}

class _AutoInterrupt:

"""Process wrapper that terminates the wrapped process on finalization.

This kills/interrupts the stored process instance once this instance goes out of

scope. It is used to prevent processes piling up in case iterators stop reading.

All attributes are wired through to the contained process object.

The wait method is overridden to perform automatic status code checking and possibly

raise.

"""

__slots__ = ("proc", "args", "status", "_timeout_error")

# If this is non-zero it will override any status code during _terminate, used

# to prevent race conditions in testing.

_status_code_if_terminate: int = 0

def __init__(self, proc: Union[None, subprocess.Popen], args: Any) -> None:

self.proc = proc

self.args = args

self.status: Union[int, None] = None

self._timeout_error: Optional[str] = None

def _terminate(self) -> None:

"""Terminate the underlying process."""

if self.proc is None:

return

proc = self.proc

self.proc = None

try:

if proc.stdin:

# A timed-out process may already have exited before input is flushed.

with contextlib.suppress(BrokenPipeError):

proc.stdin.close()

# Did the process finish already so we have a return code?

try:

if proc.poll() is not None:

self.status = self._status_code_if_terminate or proc.poll()

return

except OSError as ex:

_logger.info("Ignored error after process had died: %r", ex)

# It can be that nothing really exists anymore...

if getattr(os, "kill", None) is None:

return

# Try to kill it.

try:

proc.terminate()

except (OSError, AttributeError) as ex:

# On interpreter shutdown (notably on Windows), parts of the stdlib used by

# subprocess can already be torn down (e.g. `subprocess._winapi` becomes None),

# which can cause AttributeError during terminate(). In that case, we prefer

# to silently ignore to avoid noisy "Exception ignored in: __del__" messages.

_logger.info("Ignored error while terminating process: %r", ex)

return

# END exception handling

finally:

if proc.stdout:

proc.stdout.close()

if proc.stderr:

proc.stderr.close()

try:

status = proc.wait()

self.status = self._status_code_if_terminate or status

except (OSError, AttributeError) as ex:

_logger.info("Ignored error while waiting for terminated process: %r", ex)

def __del__(self) -> None:

self._terminate()

def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> Any:

return getattr(self.proc, attr)

# TODO: Bad choice to mimic `proc.wait()` but with different args.

def wait(self, stderr: Union[None, str, bytes] = b"") -> int:

"""Wait for the process and return its status code.

:param stderr:

Previously read value of stderr, in case stderr is already closed.

:warn:

May deadlock if output or error pipes are used and not handled separately.

:raise git.exc.GitCommandError:

If the return status is not 0 or output handling timed out.

"""

status: Union[int, None]

if self.proc is not None:

status = self.proc.wait()

p_stderr = self.proc.stderr

else: # Assume the underlying proc was killed earlier or never existed.

status = self.status

p_stderr = None

stderr_b = safe_encode(stderr) or b""

if self._timeout_error is not None:

stderr_b += (b"\n" if stderr_b else b"") + self._timeout_error.encode("utf-8")

status = status or 1

def read_all_from_possibly_closed_stream(stream: Union[IO[bytes], None]) -> bytes:

if stream:

try:

return stderr_b + safe_encode(stream.read())

except (OSError, ValueError):

return stderr_b or b""

else:

return stderr_b or b""

# END status handling

if status != 0:

errstr = read_all_from_possibly_closed_stream(p_stderr)

_logger.debug("AutoInterrupt wait stderr: %r" % (errstr,))

raise GitCommandError(remove_password_if_present(self.args), status, errstr)

return status

_AutoInterrupt.__name__ = "AutoInterrupt"

_AutoInterrupt.__qualname__ = "Git.AutoInterrupt"

class _CatFileContentStream:

"""Object representing a sized read-only stream returning the contents of

an object.

This behaves like a stream, but counts the data read and simulates an empty stream

once our sized content region is empty.

If not all data are read to the end of the object's lifetime, we read the rest to

ensure the underlying stream continues to work.

"""

__slots__ = ("_stream", "_nbr", "_size")

def __init__(self, size: int, stream: IO[bytes]) -> None:

self._stream = stream

self._size = size

self._nbr = 0 # Number of bytes read.

# Special case: If the object is empty, has null bytes, get the final

# newline right away.

if size == 0:

stream.read(1)

# END handle empty streams

def read(self, size: int = -1) -> bytes:

bytes_left = self._size - self._nbr

if bytes_left == 0:

return b""

if size > -1:

# Ensure we don't try to read past our limit.

size = min(bytes_left, size)

else:

# They try to read all, make sure it's not more than what remains.

size = bytes_left

# END check early depletion

data = self._stream.read(size)

self._nbr += len(data)

# Check for depletion, read our final byte to make the stream usable by

# others.

if self._size - self._nbr == 0:

self._stream.read(1) # final newline

# END finish reading

return data

def readline(self, size: int = -1) -> bytes:

if self._nbr == self._size:

return b""

# Clamp size to lowest allowed value.

bytes_left = self._size - self._nbr

if size > -1:

size = min(bytes_left, size)

else:

size = bytes_left

# END handle size

data = self._stream.readline(size)

self._nbr += len(data)

# Handle final byte.

if self._size - self._nbr == 0:

self._stream.read(1)

# END finish reading

return data

def readlines(self, size: int = -1) -> List[bytes]:

if self._nbr == self._size:

return []

# Leave all additional logic to our readline method, we just check the size.

out = []

nbr = 0

while True:

line = self.readline()

if not line:

break

out.append(line)

if size > -1:

nbr += len(line)

if nbr > size:

break

# END handle size constraint

# END readline loop

return out

# skipcq: PYL-E0301

def __iter__(self) -> "Git.CatFileContentStream":

return self

def __next__(self) -> bytes:

line = self.readline()

if not line:

raise StopIteration

return line

next = __next__

def __del__(self) -> None:

bytes_left = self._size - self._nbr

if bytes_left:

# Read and discard - seeking is impossible within a stream.

# This includes any terminating newline.

self._stream.read(bytes_left + 1)

# END handle incomplete read

_CatFileContentStream.__name__ = "CatFileContentStream"

_CatFileContentStream.__qualname__ = "Git.CatFileContentStream"

class Git:

"""The Git class manages communication with the Git binary.

It provides a convenient interface to calling the Git binary, such as in::

g = Git( git_dir )

g.init() # calls 'git init' program

rval = g.ls_files() # calls 'git ls-files' program

Debugging:

* Set the :envvar:`GIT_PYTHON_TRACE` environment variable to print each invocation

of the command to stdout.

* Set its value to ``full`` to see details about the returned values.

"""

__slots__ = (

"_working_dir",

"cat_file_all",

"cat_file_header",

"_version_info",

"_version_info_token",

"_git_options",

"_persistent_git_options",

"_environment",

"_repository_environment",

"_repo",

)

_excluded_ = (

"cat_file_all",

"cat_file_header",

"_version_info",

"_version_info_token",

"_repo",

)

_version_info: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]]

_version_info_token: object

# Match Git's leading transport selector, including an empty helper name.

# Git also selects the command-executing ext helper for an ext:// URL.

re_unsafe_protocol = re.compile(r"([A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9+.-]*|)::|ext://")

unsafe_git_ls_remote_options = [

# This option allows arbitrary command execution in git-ls-remote.

"--upload-pack",

"--exec",

]

unsafe_git_pathspec_from_file_options = [

# Reads pathspecs from a caller-controlled file. Some commands include an

# unmatched pathspec in their error output, which can disclose the file.

"--pathspec-from-file",

]

def __getstate__(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:

return slots_to_dict(self, exclude=self._excluded_)

def __setstate__(self, d: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:

dict_to_slots_and__excluded_are_none(self, d, excluded=self._excluded_)

# CONFIGURATION

git_exec_name = "git"

"""Default git command that should work on Linux, Windows, and other systems."""

GIT_PYTHON_TRACE = os.environ.get("GIT_PYTHON_TRACE", False)

"""Enables debugging of GitPython's git commands."""

_git_exec_env_var = "GIT_PYTHON_GIT_EXECUTABLE"

_refresh_env_var = "GIT_PYTHON_REFRESH"

GIT_PYTHON_GIT_EXECUTABLE = None

"""Provide the full path to the git executable. Otherwise it assumes git is in the

executable search path.

:note:

The git executable is actually found during the refresh step in the top level

``__init__``. It can also be changed by explicitly calling :func:`git.refresh`.

"""

_refresh_token = object() # Since None would match an initial _version_info_token.

_version_check_cache: Dict[Tuple[Any, ...], Tuple[int, ...]] = {}

@classmethod

def refresh(cls, path: Union[None, PathLike] = None) -> bool:

"""Update information about the git executable :class:`Git` objects will use.

Called by the :func:`git.refresh` function in the top level ``__init__``.

:param path:

Optional path to the git executable. If not absolute, it is resolved

immediately, relative to the current directory. (See note below.)

:note:

The top-level :func:`git.refresh` should be preferred because it calls this

method and may also update other state accordingly.

:note:

There are three different ways to specify the command that refreshing causes

to be used for git:

1. Pass no `path` argument and do not set the

:envvar:`GIT_PYTHON_GIT_EXECUTABLE` environment variable. The command

name ``git`` is used. It is looked up in a path search by the system, in

each command run (roughly similar to how git is found when running

``git`` commands manually). This is usually the desired behavior.

2. Pass no `path` argument but set the :envvar:`GIT_PYTHON_GIT_EXECUTABLE`

environment variable. The command given as the value of that variable is

used. This may be a simple command or an arbitrary path. It is looked up

in each command run. Setting :envvar:`GIT_PYTHON_GIT_EXECUTABLE` to

``git`` has the same effect as not setting it.

3. Pass a `path` argument. This path, if not absolute, is immediately

resolved, relative to the current directory. This resolution occurs at

the time of the refresh. When git commands are run, they are run using

that previously resolved path. If a `path` argument is passed, the

:envvar:`GIT_PYTHON_GIT_EXECUTABLE` environment variable is not

consulted.

:note:

Refreshing always sets the :attr:`Git.GIT_PYTHON_GIT_EXECUTABLE` class

attribute, which can be read on the :class:`Git` class or any of its

instances to check what command is used to run git. This attribute should

not be confused with the related :envvar:`GIT_PYTHON_GIT_EXECUTABLE`

environment variable. The class attribute is set no matter how refreshing is

performed.

"""

# Discern which path to refresh with.

if path is not None:

new_git = os.path.expanduser(path)

new_git = os.path.abspath(new_git)

else:

new_git = os.environ.get(cls._git_exec_env_var, cls.git_exec_name)

# Keep track of the old and new git executable path.

old_git = cls.GIT_PYTHON_GIT_EXECUTABLE

old_refresh_token = cls._refresh_token

cls.GIT_PYTHON_GIT_EXECUTABLE = new_git

cls._refresh_token = object()

# Test if the new git executable path is valid. A GitCommandNotFound error is

# raised by us. A PermissionError is raised if the git executable cannot be

# executed for whatever reason.

has_git = False

try:

cls().version()

has_git = True

except (GitCommandNotFound, PermissionError):

pass

# Warn or raise exception if test failed.

if not has_git:

err = (

dedent(

"""\

Bad git executable.

The git executable must be specified in one of the following ways:

- be included in your $PATH

- be set via $%s

- explicitly set via git.refresh(<full-path-to-git-executable>)

"""

)

% cls._git_exec_env_var

)

# Revert to whatever the old_git was.

cls.GIT_PYTHON_GIT_EXECUTABLE = old_git

cls._refresh_token = old_refresh_token

if old_git is None:

# On the first refresh (when GIT_PYTHON_GIT_EXECUTABLE is None) we only

# are quiet, warn, or error depending on the GIT_PYTHON_REFRESH value.

# Determine what the user wants to happen during the initial refresh. We

# expect GIT_PYTHON_REFRESH to either be unset or be one of the

# following values:

#

# 0|q|quiet|s|silence|silent|n|none

# 1|w|warn|warning|l|log

# 2|r|raise|e|error|exception

mode = os.environ.get(cls._refresh_env_var, "raise").lower()

quiet = ["quiet", "q", "silence", "s", "silent", "none", "n", "0"]

warn = ["warn", "w", "warning", "log", "l", "1"]

error = ["error", "e", "exception", "raise", "r", "2"]

if mode in quiet:

pass

elif mode in warn or mode in error:

err = dedent(

"""\

%s

All git commands will error until this is rectified.

This initial message can be silenced or aggravated in the future by setting the

$%s environment variable. Use one of the following values:

- %s: for no message or exception

- %s: for a warning message (logging level CRITICAL, displayed by default)

- %s: for a raised exception

Example:

export %s=%s

"""

) % (

err,

cls._refresh_env_var,

"|".join(quiet),

"|".join(warn),

"|".join(error),

cls._refresh_env_var,

quiet[0],

)

if mode in warn:

_logger.critical(err)

else:

raise ImportError(err)

else:

err = dedent(

"""\

%s environment variable has been set but it has been set with an invalid value.

Use only the following values:

- %s: for no message or exception

- %s: for a warning message (logging level CRITICAL, displayed by default)

- %s: for a raised exception

"""

) % (

cls._refresh_env_var,

"|".join(quiet),

"|".join(warn),

"|".join(error),

)

raise ImportError(err)

# We get here if this was the initial refresh and the refresh mode was

# not error. Go ahead and set the GIT_PYTHON_GIT_EXECUTABLE such that we

# discern the difference between the first refresh at import time

# and subsequent calls to git.refresh or this refresh method.

cls.GIT_PYTHON_GIT_EXECUTABLE = cls.git_exec_name

else:

# After the first refresh (when GIT_PYTHON_GIT_EXECUTABLE is no longer

# None) we raise an exception.

raise GitCommandNotFound(new_git, err)

return has_git

@classmethod

def is_cygwin(cls) -> bool:

return is_cygwin_git(cls.GIT_PYTHON_GIT_EXECUTABLE)

@overload

@classmethod

def polish_url(cls, url: str, is_cygwin: Literal[False] = ...) -> str: ...

@overload

@classmethod

def polish_url(cls, url: str, is_cygwin: Union[None, bool] = None) -> str: ...

@classmethod

def polish_url(cls, url: str, is_cygwin: Union[None, bool] = None) -> PathLike:

"""Remove any backslashes from URLs to be written in config files.

Windows might create config files containing paths with backslashes, but git

stops liking them as it will escape the backslashes. Hence we undo the escaping

just to be sure.

"""

if is_cygwin is None:

is_cygwin = cls.is_cygwin()

if is_cygwin:

url = cygpath(url)

else:

if url.startswith("~"):

url = os.path.expanduser(url)

url = url.replace("\\\\", "\\").replace("\\", "/")

return url

@classmethod

def check_unsafe_protocols(cls, url: str) -> None:

"""Check for unsafe protocols.

Apart from the usual protocols (http, git, ssh), Git allows "remote helpers"

that have the form ``<transport>::<address>``. One of these helpers (``ext::``)

can be used to invoke any arbitrary command. Git also selects that helper

for ``ext://`` URLs and interprets the URL as a command path.

See:

- https://git-scm.com/docs/gitremote-helpers

- https://git-scm.com/docs/git-remote-ext

"""

match = cls.re_unsafe_protocol.match(url)

if match:

protocol = match.group(0)

raise UnsafeProtocolError(

f"The `{protocol}` protocol looks suspicious, use `allow_unsafe_protocols=True` to allow it."

)

def _check_unsafe_protocols_in_args(self, args: Sequence[Any], kwargs: Mapping[str, Any]) -> None:

"""Check positional operands and standalone values in rendered command options.

A short flag's split value can become the repository operand before ``--``.

"""

for arg in self._unpack_args(args) + self.transform_kwargs(**kwargs):

self.check_unsafe_protocols(arg)

@classmethod

def _canonicalize_option_name(cls, option: str) -> str:

"""Return the option name used for unsafe-option checks.

Examples:

``"--upload-pack=/tmp/helper"`` -> ``"upload-pack"``

``"upload_pack"`` -> ``"upload-pack"``

``"--config core.filemode=false"`` -> ``"config"``

"""

option_name = option.lstrip("-").split("=", 1)[0]

option_tokens = option_name.split(None, 1)

if not option_tokens:

return ""

return dashify(option_tokens[0])

@classmethod

def check_unsafe_options(

cls, options: List[str], unsafe_options: List[str], clusterable_short_options: str = "46flnqsv"

) -> None:

"""Raise :class:`~git.exc.UnsafeOptionError` for blocked option spellings.

In addition to exact matches, this rejects abbreviated long options accepted

by Git (for example, ``--upl`` for ``--upload-pack``) and unsafe short options

whose values are joined to the same token, including after clusterable flags

(for example, ``-uVALUE`` and ``-fuVALUE``).

A list containing only bare names is treated as normalized keyword arguments,

so multi-character names such as ``upload_p`` are checked as long-option

abbreviations. If any item starts with ``-``, the list is treated as tokenized

command-line input: bare items can be option values and are not checked as

abbreviations. Thus ``["--origin", "upload"]`` is allowed. Single-dash options

use short-option parsing rather than broad prefix matching, preserving safe

attached values such as ``-oupstream`` and ``-bcurrent``.

Some options passed to ``git <command>`` can execute arbitrary commands and

are therefore blocked by default unless the caller explicitly allows them.

"""

# Options can be of the form `foo`, `--foo`, `--foo bar`, or `--foo=bar`.

# Git accepts any unambiguous prefix of a long option, so an abbreviated

# spelling such as `--upl` for `--upload-pack` must be rejected too. An

# option is unsafe if its canonical name is a prefix of any blocked

# option's canonical name. Only long options and multi-character kwargs

# can be abbreviations; single-character short options remain exact-match

# only.

canonical_unsafe_options = {cls._canonicalize_option_name(option): option for option in unsafe_options}

unsafe_short_options = {

canonical: option

for canonical, option in canonical_unsafe_options.items()

if option.startswith("-") and not option.startswith("--") and len(canonical) == 1

}

# These value-less Git flags can be clustered before another short option

# (for example, ``-fuVALUE``). Stop at any other character because it may

# begin an attached value, as ``o`` does in the safe option ``-oupstream``.

clusterable_short_options_set = frozenset(clusterable_short_options)

options_are_kwargs = all(not option.startswith("-") for option in options)

for option in options:

candidate = cls._canonicalize_option_name(option)

if not candidate:

continue

unsafe_option = canonical_unsafe_options.get(candidate)

if unsafe_option is not None:

raise UnsafeOptionError(f"{unsafe_option} is not allowed, use `allow_unsafe_options=True` to allow it.")

option_token = option.split("=", 1)[0].split(None, 1)[0]

if option_token.startswith("-") and not option_token.startswith("--"):

for option_char in option_token[1:]:

unsafe_option = unsafe_short_options.get(option_char)

if unsafe_option is not None:

raise UnsafeOptionError(

f"{unsafe_option} is not allowed, use `allow_unsafe_options=True` to allow it."

)

if option_char not in clusterable_short_options_set:

break

if not (option.startswith("--") or (options_are_kwargs and len(candidate) > 1)):

continue

for canonical, unsafe_option in canonical_unsafe_options.items():

if canonical.startswith(candidate):

raise UnsafeOptionError(

f"{unsafe_option} is not allowed, use `allow_unsafe_options=True` to allow it."

)

@classmethod

def _option_candidates(cls, args: Sequence[Any] = (), kwargs: Optional[Mapping[str, Any]] = None) -> List[str]:

"""Collect possible option spellings before command-line transformation."""

options = [

option for option in cls._unpack_args([arg for arg in args if arg is not None]) if option.startswith("-")

]

if kwargs:

split_single_char_options = kwargs.get("split_single_char_options", True)

for key, value in kwargs.items():

values = value if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)) else (value,)

if any(value is True or (value is not False and value is not None) for value in values):

key = str(key)

if len(key) != 1:

options.append(f"--{dashify(key)}")

elif split_single_char_options: