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feat: add find median algorithm #1945

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feat: add find median algorithm #1945

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28 changes: 28 additions & 0 deletions Maths/FindMedian.js
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
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/**
* @function findMedian
* @description Finds the median value of an array of numbers.
* The median is the middle value when the array is sorted.
* If the array has an even number of elements, the median is
* the average of the two middle values.
* @param {number[]} arr - An array of numbers
* @returns {number} - The median value
* @see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median
* @example findMedian([1, 2, 3]) => 2
* @example findMedian([1, 2, 3, 4]) => 2.5
* @example findMedian([5, 3, 1, 4, 2]) => 3
*/
const findMedian = (arr) => {
if (!Array.isArray(arr) || arr.length === 0) {
throw new TypeError('Input must be a non-empty array')
}
if (!arr.every((n) => typeof n === 'number' && !isNaN(n))) {
throw new TypeError('All elements must be numbers')
}
const sorted = [...arr].sort((a, b) => a - b)
const mid = Math.floor(sorted.length / 2)
return sorted.length % 2 !== 0
? sorted[mid]
: (sorted[mid - 1] + sorted[mid]) / 2
}

export { findMedian }
49 changes: 49 additions & 0 deletions Maths/test/FindMedian.test.js
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import { findMedian } from '../FindMedian.js'

describe('findMedian', () => {
test('findMedian([1, 2, 3]) returns 2', () => {
expect(findMedian([1, 2, 3])).toBe(2)
})

test('findMedian([1, 2, 3, 4]) returns 2.5', () => {
expect(findMedian([1, 2, 3, 4])).toBe(2.5)
})

test('findMedian([5, 3, 1, 4, 2]) returns 3', () => {
expect(findMedian([5, 3, 1, 4, 2])).toBe(3)
})

test('findMedian single element returns that element', () => {
expect(findMedian([42])).toBe(42)
})

test('findMedian([1, 1, 1]) returns 1', () => {
expect(findMedian([1, 1, 1])).toBe(1)
})

test('findMedian works with negative numbers', () => {
expect(findMedian([-3, -1, -2])).toBe(-2)
})

test('findMedian works with decimals', () => {
expect(findMedian([1.5, 2.5, 3.5])).toBe(2.5)
})

test('findMedian does not mutate original array', () => {
const arr = [3, 1, 2]
findMedian(arr)
expect(arr).toEqual([3, 1, 2])
})

test('throws TypeError for empty array', () => {
expect(() => findMedian([])).toThrow(TypeError)
})

test('throws TypeError for non-array input', () => {
expect(() => findMedian('123')).toThrow(TypeError)
})

test('throws TypeError for array with non-numbers', () => {
expect(() => findMedian([1, 'two', 3])).toThrow(TypeError)
})
})
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